• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    @ The present invention relates to a storage plant for storing radioactive material in rock formations, the plant comprising a cavity (4) for accommodating radioactive material, the cavity (4) having therearound a rock shield (6) in which a further cavity (7) is optionally formed, there being arranged in the optional cavity a barrier (8) comprising a resilient material which swells in water. Arranged around the second cavity (7) and spaced therefrom is a helical tunnel (12). Entry tunnels (13) extend from the helical tunnel (12), in towards the remaining parts (4, 7) of the plant. The invention is characterised in that at least one cage of substantially vertical drill holes (14) is arranged around the plant, preferably in connection with the helical tunnel (12), fortaking-up and conducting away water arriving at and departing from the inner part of the storage plant.
    公开号:SU1371511A3
    申请号:SU843791618
    申请日:1984-09-18
    公开日:1988-01-30
    发明作者:Г.А. Бергман Стен；Сагефорс К.Ивар；Э.Экессон Бенгт
    申请人:Болиден Актиеболаг (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    WITH

    cm
    This tunnel leaves the entrance tunnels towards the inside of the vault. The invention is characterized by the presence of at least one cell formed by vertical
    wells around the repository, preferably connecting to the spiral tunnel 12;: the receiving and discharging water, suitable for and discharging to the repository. 1 hp ff, 8 ill.
    one
    The invention relates to devices for storing radioactive materials in rock formation, in particular to storages designed for; The long-term storage of spent nuclear fuel from the first reactors and the radioactive waste obtained from the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel.
    The aim of the invention is to increase the safety of storage of radioactive materials.
    Figure 1 shows schematically the proposed collar; Fig. 2 shows the storage for intermediate storage or final disposal of radioactive materials; fig.Z - the same, the internal volume; in fig. 4 - section A – L) ia of FIG. 3; in FIG. 3, a repository with a plurality of collections for the placement of radioactive material: a; 6, the same with two collections for radioactive material; figure 7 - section bb in figure 6; on Fig - section bb In Fig.6.
    The repository is located in rock 1 at a certain depth below surface 2 of the earth. An internal cavity 3 is made in the rock, the contour of which is shown in Fig. A hollow body 4, made of concrete, for example, whose internal volume forms a space for storing radioactive materials, is installed inside the cavity 3, so that its external walls are spaced from cavity 3. The space between the walls of the cavity 3 and the concrete body 4 is filled with clay 5. The space inside such a concrete body 4 is preferably used for storing low-level waste with limited thermal load.
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    The cavity 3 is located in the rock 6, which, in turn, is in the external cavity 7, also filled with clay 8. In the horizontal section, the cavities 3 and 7 have a circular shape. In this case, the walls of the external cavity 7 form two concentric circles.
    Case 4, which has an ellipsoidal, cylindrical or spherical shape, is provided in the upper part with a hole that communicates through shaft 9 with a horizontal tunnel 10. Radioactive material can be transported through tunnel 10 and shaft 9 into a hollow concrete body 4. Internal The volume of concrete in the hull 4 is divided into 1 chambers 1 1 into several chambers into which radioactive material is sequentially injected. Some chambers, located in the upper part of the snares, do not contain radioactive material and are designed to reduce KOHiu iiTpiinHH heat in the storage, X1), or they can be controlled with the T1-UtiVisation system; portions of cavity 4, and monitors are located at a distance from the repository.
    In the rock, a spiral tunnel 12 is located outside the actual storage area, which runs from the ground to the lower level of the storage area. The spiral tunnel 12 is made to transport rock debris during the construction of the repository, building galleries and TyHHejni 13, which are directed towards the repository center, depart from it. Between the turns of the spiral tunnel 12, wells 14 are located, located 1-2 m apart from each other. Case 4 is divided into several J5 cameras. The wells 14 open into the outer wall of the spiral tunnel 12 and, connecting, form a multitude of wells that run vertically from the top 16 of the repository to its lower level 17. The water passing through the mineral and macrocracks in the surrounding rock is 14 storage or to its lower level 17, from where it can be pumped out, if necessary, by pipeline J8 located in a spiral tunnel 12. In certain cases, well 14 can be filled with explosives and undermined to form cracks ( Tel'nykh pipetting) between the drilled wells. In this way, the maximum number of cracks leading to the wells and passing between them can be obtained, although calculations have shown that the squash themselves form a fully satisfactory hydrological barrier.
    The illustrated transport tunnel 10 may be connected directly to an enterprise for the processing of radioactive nuclear fuels. This reduces the risk associated with transporting radioactive X11x waste. Mines connected to the transport tunnel 10 may enter facilities for receiving radioactive waste. These structures may be located on the surface of the earth or be buried in the ground. A vertical shaft or shaft extending upward from tunnel 10 may be made in rock 6. The shaft is designed to house devices (not shown) for measuring temperature, humidity and radioactive radiation. This measuring equipment can be connected to the corresponding indicator devices at the tracking station by means of cables laid in the shaft 9 and the tunnel 10. The measuring apparatus can also be placed in the tunnel 12.
    The storage can also be equipped with appropriate lifting (elevators, elevators) and transport mechanisms for transporting radioactive waste through the mines and for distributing waste in the dp storage space in the hollow body 4. Such lifting and transport equipment is remotely controlled.
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    Storage can be built using known rock extraction methods. First, in the rock, working and transport tunnels and trunks are located in the place where these two cavities are to be placed. The explosive penetration of the cavities can be carried out from bottom to top. The external cavity 7 is successively filled with a mixture of bentonite and sand as the rock fragments are removed. The concrete-sand mixture is rammed to such a state that there is no pore in it. Clay located in the lower levels can be stabilized by adding an appropriate stabilizing agent, for example, sandstone, so that rJHiHa can reliably withstand the weight of the rock 6, When a cavity 3 is developed, at the bottom of this cavity, the mixture is sufficiently high or deep. After that, a hollow 6eTOFiHijUi body 4 is cast together with the shaft 9 connected with it. When the concrete hardens, the space between the concrete body and the walls of the internal cavity is completely filled with clay. Upon completion, TyiHiejiH workers and vehicles can be filled with concrete.
    Jbo6ijie tretsycins, located in a rocky mass next to the toes, can be poured with concrete or some kind of compacting material, for example, plastic.
    The proposed storage may contain a multitude of shells made of various materials, one inside the other, for example, an internal concrete body 4, the first cavity 3 made of a concrete-sand mixture, rock 6 and a second cavity 7 of a concrete-sand mixture which is completely surrounded by rock.
    According to an embodiment, the storage (Figures 2-4) contains a hollow body 4, in which there is an open upper space 19, shaped like a cone, made in a rock, and below is a circular tunnel 20. Between the circular tunnel 20 and the conical upper space 19 passes vertical tunnels 21 of large diameter dp create ventilation passages providing convection ventilation and cooling of the rock material located between them. This rock material also has many vertical galleries 22 of smaller diameter than the vertical tunnels 21. The diameter of the narrower vertical galleries 22 is about 1-1.5 m, and the diameter of the vertical tunnels 21 is 2-6 m. Vertical tunnels and galleries can be made by known methods. The radioactive materials are placed in narrower vertical galleries 22 to obtain the highest thermal emission in the lower part of these galleries in order to achieve air circulation, shown by the arrows in Fig. 2. The radioactive material is introduced into the repository through a vertical shaft 23 and distributed over various vertical galleries by robots (not shown) controlled by television.
    As shown in FIG. 4, the tunnels 2J and the galleries 22 are arranged circumferentially, with the result that maximum cooling of the rock material is achieved. Due to the circulation of air in galleries 22, primary cooling occurs, i.e. the load on the rock material is significantly less than if everything were assigned to the rock material ..
    As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, another cavity 24 is located at a distance from the hollow body 4, which is filled with a plastically deformable material, for example, a concrete-sand mixture.
    However, the creation of a concrete barrier is not necessary (figure 2), since in many cases the presence of an external cell formed by the spiral tunnel 12 and the wells 14 is sufficient to prevent water from entering the system.
    A further barrier from the drilled wells 25 (FIG. 2) may be located around the storage, which may be connected to the cell at its lower level to evacuate water that has penetrated into the cell. The wells 25 are made up of two annular tunnels 26 and 27 located at the levels of the apex and sedimentation of the storage, respectively. A pump room 28 connected to it by tunnel 29 is located below the bottom level 17 of the storage.
    The area around the bore 25 may be pre-cracked.
    If the rocks outside the repository are displaced, deposited or subjected to deformation, the movement of the rock first causes deformation of the external clay-filled cavity 7 or 24. If this cavity is wide enough, the deforming forces are not transmitted to the inner shell to any significant degree .. However, if the rock is deformed to such an extent that rock 6 is also affected, the deforming forces are damped by the internal clay shell. The inner concrete casing 4, having an ellipsoid, cylindrical or spherical shape, is very strong and resistant to external pressure, therefore even large deforming forces, for example, caused by earthquakes, cannot affect the storage facility to such an extent as to destroy the internal concrete casing 4.
    Figure 5 shows the storage in which several buildings 4 (in this case, seven) are assembled, arranged in the shape of a regular hexagon with a central section. Each hull 4 has a diameter of 120 m and is located at a distance of 120 m from adjacent hulls. A spiral tunnel 12 along which the first series of 30 vertical wells is located is punctured around all these buildings. The other two series 3 and 32 well curtains are located in the rocks at a distance of 30 m from each other and at a distance of 30 m from the first internal series of wells.
    Fig. 6 shows the storage (vertical section) having two bodies 4 for storing radioactive waste. Outside the two storage buildings 4, there are two protective barriers spaced apart from each other, formed by vertical wells 33 and 34, connected to each other by inclined barriers 35 and 36 to form cells. The wells, which form barriers, are drilled from previously completed twelve horizontal tunnels 37. Each housing 4 contains an upper horizontal central tunnel 38 from which a large number of vertical wells 39 have been drilled, and these wells form a space for storing radioactive material. Under these wells, a lower horizontal central tunnel 40 passes, intended to ventilate the storage. In addition, ventilation is provided by four vertical larger wells 4J, in each of the storages, as well as two horizontal upper 42 and two horizontal lower 43 tunnels, which communicate respectively with central wells 39 and tunnel 40 through vertical wells 44. The upper 42 and the lower 43 tunnels are also connected to each other by a connecting tunnel 45.
    The radioactive material to be stored is introduced into the upper horizontal tunnel 38 through a transport tunnel (not shown) and from there into the wells by 39 robots controlled by television. These robots can provide storage of radioactive material and between wells.
    The storage is done at great depth in the rocks. The horizontal section of the repository has a diameter of about 170 m, the central body of the repository, equipped with an internal clay or betonitic barrier, is about 4 m. Between this barrier and the second clay or betonitic barrier is approximately 40 m of hard rock, and between this second barrier and a spiral tunnel 4–8 m wide has another rock barrier 15–20 m thick.
    Depending on whether the storage is intended for final
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    disposal of IP for intermediate storage of radioactive waste, as well as the degree of ventilation of the storage for cooling radioactive material, such storage can hold up to 1,500 tons of radioactive material. It is calculated that the maximum temperature inside the cavity in the rock reaches through JO-J5 years, and due to intermediate storage with good ventilation this temperature can be significantly reduced.
    权利要求:
    Claims (2)
    [1]
    1. Storage for radioactive materials in rock containing a cavity made in rock and a hollow body for storing radioactive material located inside the cavity, the space between the walls of the cavity and the hollow body filled with plastically deformable material, and around the cavity is made spirally a passage tunnel associated with the cavity and the hollow body through the entrance tunnels, characterized in that, in order to increase the safety of storing radioactive materials, around the cavity vertical holes communicating with a helical tunnel and forming with it at least one outer cage around at Lost ™, the distance between the wells is not more than 4 m.
    [2]
    2. The repository of claim 1, about T and - so that the vertical wells are spaced from each other by a distance J-2 m.
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    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
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    SE461621B|1990-03-05|Storage arrangement for storing environmentally dangerous substances
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FI82155C|1991-01-10|
    BR8404674A|1985-08-13|
    FI82155B|1990-09-28|
    NO843720L|1985-03-20|
    JPS6079299A|1985-05-07|
    NO159824C|1989-02-08|
    SE442926B|1986-02-03|
    EP0138787B1|1988-02-24|
    SE8305025L|1985-03-20|
    CA1230233A|1987-12-15|
    DK436584A|1985-03-20|
    US4652181A|1987-03-24|
    SE8305025D0|1983-09-19|
    EP0138787A1|1985-04-24|
    DK436584D0|1984-09-12|
    AT32636T|1988-03-15|
    DE3469468D1|1988-03-31|
    NO159824B|1988-10-31|
    KR850002362A|1985-05-10|
    FI843626A0|1984-09-17|
    KR910007145B1|1991-09-18|
    AU3254684A|1985-03-28|
    FI843626L|1985-03-20|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US3068654A|1958-09-22|1962-12-18|Interstate Service Corp|Underground storage cavern and method of making same|
    US3608636A|1969-01-30|1971-09-28|American Oil Shale Corp|Beneficiation of geological formations by means of underground nuclear detonations and the utilization of water in conjunction therewith|
    SE402176B|1976-12-13|1978-06-19|Hallenius Tore Jerker|FACILITY FOR STORAGE OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL IN BERG|
    ES464822A1|1976-12-13|1979-05-01|Torejerker Hallenius|System for the storage of radioactive material in rock|
    US4192629A|1976-12-13|1980-03-11|Hallenius Tore J|System for the storage of radioactive material in rock|
    SE420780B|1977-01-19|1981-10-26|Wp System Ab|PLANT FOR STORAGE OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL IN BERG|
    SE420781B|1977-03-02|1981-10-26|Wp System Ab|PLANT FOR STORAGE OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL IN BERG|
    SE416690B|1977-06-30|1981-01-26|Wp System Ab|PLANT FOR STORAGE OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL IN BERG|
    FR2417449B1|1978-02-21|1984-04-13|Wp System Ab|
    SE450509B|1981-08-07|1987-06-29|Karl Ivar Sagefors|METHOD OF BUILDING A PLANT FOR STORAGE OF LIQUID PRODUCTS IN BERG|GB8426142D0|1984-10-16|1984-12-12|Nuclear Technology Consultants|Hazardous waste disposal|
    SE448194B|1985-04-02|1987-01-26|Boliden Ab|PROCEDURE FOR PREPARING A PLANT FOR STORAGE OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE IN BERG|
    WO1988008608A1|1987-04-22|1988-11-03|Uwe Eggert|Store|
    US5078958A|1990-04-04|1992-01-07|University Of Nevada System|Underground cooling enhancement for nuclear waste repository|
    US5387741A|1993-07-30|1995-02-07|Shuttle; Anthony J.|Method and apparatus for subterranean containment of hazardous waste material|
    GB9418325D0|1994-09-12|1994-11-02|Burton William R|Waste disposal|
    US6342650B1|1999-06-23|2002-01-29|VALFELLS áGUST|Disposal of radiation waste in glacial ice|
    FR2855903B1|2003-06-06|2005-08-19|Touraine Emballage Recyclage|PROCESS FOR TREATING WASTE TO BE BURNED.|
    JP5217867B2|2008-10-03|2013-06-19|鹿島建設株式会社|Waste disposal facility and disposal method of radioactive waste disposal site|
    SE535370C2|2009-08-03|2012-07-10|Skanska Sverige Ab|Device and method for storing thermal energy|
    SE537267C2|2012-11-01|2015-03-17|Skanska Sverige Ab|Method of operating a device for storing thermal energy|
    SE536722C2|2012-11-01|2014-06-17|Skanska Sverige Ab|energy Storage|
    SE536723C2|2012-11-01|2014-06-24|Skanska Sverige Ab|Thermal energy storage including an expansion space|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    SE8305025A|SE442926B|1983-09-19|1983-09-19|PLANT FOR STORAGE OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL IN BERG|
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